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1 Haynes, Elwood
[br]b. 14 October 1857 Portland, Indiana, USAd. 13 April 1925 Kokomo, Indiana, USA[br]American inventor ofStellite cobalt-based alloys, early motor-car manufacturer and pioneer in stainless steels.[br]From his early years, Haynes was a practising Presbyterian and an active prohibitionist. He graduated in 1881 at Worcester, Massachusetts, and a spell of teaching in his home town was interrupted in 1884–5 while he attended the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. In 1886 he became permanently diverted by the discovery of natural gas in Portland. He was soon appointed Superintendent of the local gas undertaking, and then in 1890 he was hired by the Indiana Natural Gas \& Oil Company. While continuing his gas-company employment until 1901, Haynes conducted numerous metallurgical experiments. He also designed an automobile: this led to the establishment of the Haynes- Apperson Company at Kokomo as one of the earliest motor-car makers in North America. From 1905 the firm traded as the Haynes Automobile Company, and before its bankruptcy in 1924 it produced more than 50,000 cars. After 1905, Haynes found the first "Stellite" alloys of cobalt and chromium, and in 1910 he was publicizing the patented material. He then discovered the valuable hardening effect of tungsten, and in 1912 began applying the "improved" Stellite to cutting tools. Three years later, the Haynes Stellite Company was incorporated, with Haynes as President, to work the patents. It was largely from this source that Haynes became a millionaire in 1920. In April 1912, Haynes's attempt to patent the use of chromium with iron to render the product rustless was unsuccessful. However, he re-applied for a US patent on 12 March 1915 and, although this was initially rejected, he persevered and finally obtained recognition of his modified claim. The American Stainless Steel Company licensed the patents of Brearley and Haynes jointly in the USA until the 1930s.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsJohn Scott Medal 1919 (awarded for useful inventions).BibliographyHaynes was the author of more than twenty published papers and articles, among them: 1907, "Materials for automobiles", Proceedings of the American Society of MechanicalEngineers 29:1,597–606; 1910, "Alloys of nickel and cobalt with chromium", Journal of Industrial Engineeringand Chemistry 2:397–401; 1912–13, "Alloys of cobalt with chromium and other metals", Transactions of the American Institute of 'Mining Engineers 44:249–55;1919–20, "Stellite and stainless steel", Proceedings of the Engineering Society of WestPennsylvania 35:467–74.1 April 1919, US patent no. 1,299,404 (stainless steel).The four US patents worked by the Haynes Stellite Company were: 17 December 1907, patent no. 873,745.1 April 1913, patent no. 1,057,423.1 April 1913, patent no. 1,057, 828.17 August 1915, patent no. 1,150, 113.Further ReadingR.D.Gray, 1979, Alloys and Automobiles. The Life of Elwood Haynes, Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society (a closely documented biography).JKA -
2 Haynes, Elwood
США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > Haynes, Elwood
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3 Kokomo
Город в центре штата Индиана на р. Уайлдкэт-Крик [Wildcat Creek]. 46,1 тыс. жителей (2000). Основан в 1843. Металлообработка. Производство автодеталей, сельскохозяйственных машин, стекла, керамики, электро- и радиооборудования. Здесь в 1894 проходил испытания один из первых американских автомобилей с двигателем внутреннего сгорания, изобретенный Э. Хейнсом [Haynes, Elwood G.] -
4 Automotive engineering
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Austin, HerbertIssigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold ConstantineMorris, William Richard -
5 Land transport
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Austin, HerbertHamilton, Harold LeeIssigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold ConstantineMa JunMorris, William RichardSauerbrun, Charles de -
6 Metallurgy
См. также в других словарях:
Haynes, Elwood — ▪ American industrialist born Oct. 14, 1857, Portland, Ind., U.S. died April 13, 1925, Kokomo, Ind. American automobile pioneer who built one of the first automobiles. He successfully tested his one horsepower, one cylinder vehicle at … Universalium
Elwood Haynes — (* 14. Oktober 1857 in Portland, Indiana; † 13. April 1925 in Kokomo, Indiana) war ein US amerikanischer Erfinder, Metallurge, Automobilpionier und Unternehmer. Er erfand die Legierung … Deutsch Wikipedia
Elwood Haynes — Infobox Engineer image width = 150px caption = PAGENAME name = PAGENAME nationality = United States birth date = 1857 birth place = death date = 1925 death place = education = spouse = parents = children = discipline = institutions = practice… … Wikipedia
Haynes-Apperson Company — Haynes Apperson Werbeschrift (1903) Die Haynes Apperson Company war ein US amerikanischer Automobilhersteller, der von 1896 bis 1904 in Kokomo (Indiana) ansässig war. Diese Firma war der erste Automobilhersteller in Indiana und einer der ersten… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Haynes Automobile Company — Haynes (1916), ausgestellt im Central Texas Museum of Automotive History … Deutsch Wikipedia
Haynes — may refer to:Persons with the surname Haynes*Alex Haynes (1982 ndash;), American football player *Abner Haynes (1937 ndash;), American football player *Arden Haynes (1927 ndash;), Canadian former CEO of Imperial Oil and former Chancellor of York… … Wikipedia
Haynes — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Abner Haynes (* 1937), US amerikanischer Footballspieler Charles Eaton Haynes (1784–1832), US amerikanischer Politiker Colton Haynes (* 1988), US amerikanischer Schauspieler und Model DeAndre Haynes (*… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Haynes International — Haynes International, Inc. Rechtsform Incorporated Gründung 1912 Sitz Kokomo, USA Leitung Mark Comerford (CEO) Mitarbeiter … Deutsch Wikipedia
Haynes-Apperson — Company was a manufacturer of Brass Era automobiles in Kokomo, Indiana from 1896 to 1905. The company was founded by Elwood Haynes and brothers Elmer and Edgar Apperson. In 1894, the trio built one of the first gasoline powered vehicles in the… … Wikipedia
Haynes International — Inc. is a manufacturer of metal alloys employing more than 1,070 employees worldwide with sales of 434.4 million United States Dollars in 2007 with 8 plants around the world. The company specializes in corrosion resistant alloys for the aerospace … Wikipedia
Elwood Hillis — Elwood Haynes Hillis (* 6. März 1926 in Kokomo, Indiana) ist ein ehemaliger US amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1971 und 1987 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Indiana im US Repräsentantenhaus. Werdegang Elwood Hillis besuchte die öffentlichen Schulen … Deutsch Wikipedia
